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In line with the WTO agreement on public procurement Japan has established  a complaints system, called CHANS. In practice, this system is seldom used since its establishment in 1996.  At the regional and local level, procuring entities have their own complaint procedures, primarily dealing with public works’ tenders.  Prefectures and designated cities have established ‘tender monitoring committees’  (nyuusatsu kanshi iinkai) usually consisting of specialists from academia and the legal profession.

Electronic bidding systems are rapidly becoming the norm in Japan, with many government organisations setting up designated portals to conduct all tender procedures online. The national government has integrated the various steps of the procurement process into one portal called GEPS. (www.geps.go.jp) 

The overall majority of tenders in Japan are evaluated on one criterion: - lowest price. The reasoning behind this is that all suppliers participating are deemed to possess the ability and skills to meet the conditions of the tender, ensured by the Supplier Qualification System.

Projected Price